In order to implement Xi Jinping's thought of ecological civilization, Xi Jinping's thought of rule of law, and the spirit of the Third and Fourth Plenary Sessions of the Twentieth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, it is an important time point for the fourth national ecological day and the formal implementation of the ecological environment code. The Supreme People's Court, together with the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, issued "Ten Cases to Promote the Reform of the Compensation System for Eco-environmental Damage".
This batch of ten cases are selected from the typical cases and guiding cases published by the Ministry of Ecological Environment, the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, including environmental pollution and ecological damage, and focus on key ecological areas such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River Basin and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. It comprehensively demonstrates the effectiveness of the division of labor and cooperation among the ecological environment departments, the people's courts and the people's procuratorates, and embodies the practical results of the administrative and judicial coordination in promoting the reform of the ecological environment damage compensation system.
This batch of ten cases are distributed in different stages of reform, including two in the pilot stage (2015-2017), seven in the national trial stage (2018-2021) and one in the normalization implementation stage (2022 to the present). In the pilot stage, the case of Jiangsu Provincial People's Government suing an enterprise in Anhui Province for compensation for ecological environmental damage caused by pollution of a tributary of the Yangtze River provides a sample of judicial practice of compensation for ecological environmental damage, which helps to establish the concept of "environmental value and responsibility for damage". The case of judicial confirmation of compensation for ecological environment damage caused by illegal dumping of waste residue by two enterprises in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, explored the specific mechanism of consultation and judicial confirmation, and was incorporated into the Reform Plan of Compensation System for Ecological Environment Damage. In the trial stage of the whole country, a simple assessment procedure was innovated in the case of compensation for ecological environment damage caused by an enterprise polluting the tributaries of the Yangtze River in Chizhou City, Anhui Province. The case of compensation for ecological environment damage caused by an enterprise polluting the Tengger Desert in Zhongwei City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and the series of cases of compensation for ecological environment damage caused by illegal mining in Muli Mining Area, Qinghai Province, which have a large amount of compensation and a high degree of social concern, have laid the foundation for the formation of a major case supervision mechanism, and the relevant system exploration has been fully incorporated into the Regulations on the Management of Compensation for Ecological Environment Damage. The case of the People's Government of Puyang City, Henan Province, suing an enterprise for compensation for ecological environmental damage in a tributary of the Yellow River provides an important judicial model for the court to hear the case of compensation for ecological environmental damage. The People's Procuratorate of Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, supported the Dongguan Ecological Environment Bureau to carry out the ecological environment damage compensation case for several enterprises in an electroplating base, and the People's Procuratorate of Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province, supported the Ji'an Ecological Environment Bureau to carry out the ecological environment damage compensation case for three enterprises in an industrial park in Yongfeng County, Shandong Province. People's procuratorates participate in the whole process, deepen the collaborative performance mode of "government claims + procuratorial support", and provide practical support for the two departments to jointly issue "Opinions on Strengthening the Connection between Compensation for Eco-environmental Damage and Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation". In the stage of normalization implementation, the case of compensation for ecological environment damage caused by illegal mining in a quarry in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, creates a fresh model for the construction of a comprehensive restoration base and the expansion of the path to realize the value of ecological products.
As of July 2026, the total number of ecological environmental damage compensation cases handled by various regions is about 7. Most of the ten cases are the first or the first in the country or the region, and have a significant impact in the country or the province; some have explored the mechanism of consultation, litigation, restoration and other aspects; Some of them have also been absorbed by relevant reform documents or legislation, which will help local governments to promote the standardized handling of compensation for damage to the ecological environment, the people's courts to unify the standards of adjudication, and the people's procuratorates to support the high-quality and effective handling of damage compensation cases. The ten cases are the vivid epitome of the effective and in-depth reform of the national ecological environment damage compensation system, which reflects the active exploration in the practice of system reform in different periods, and is of great significance for promoting the reform process.
Next, the Ministry of Ecological Environment, the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate will work with relevant departments to implement the relevant decision-making arrangements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, implement the relevant provisions of the Eco-environmental Code and the Civil Code, continue to strengthen coordination and linkage, deepen the reform of the compensation system for ecological environmental damage, and help to improve the modern environment. To provide a more solid institutional guarantee for comprehensively promoting the construction of a beautiful China. Catalogue
of Ten Cases
to
Promote the Reform of Compensation System for Eco-environmental Damage I. Series of Cases
of Compensation for Eco-environmental Damage Caused by Illegal Mining in Muli Mining Area, Qinghai Province II. Judicial confirmation
of compensation for ecological environment damage caused by illegal dumping of waste residues by two enterprises in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province III. The People's Procuratorate of Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, supported the Dongguan Ecological Environment Bureau to carry out compensation
for ecological environment damage to several enterprises in an electroplating base IV. Jiangsu Provincial People's Government v. An Enterprise in Anhui Province for Compensation
for Ecological Environmental Damage Caused by Pollution of a Tributary of the Yangtze River V. Case of
Compensation for Ecological Environmental Damage Caused by Illegal Discharge of Wastewater by an Enterprise in Chizhou City, Anhui Province VI. Compensation
for ecological environment damage caused by an enterprise polluting the Tengger Desert in Zhongwei City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region VII. The People's Procuratorate of Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province, supported the Ji'an Ecological Environment Bureau to carry out compensation
for ecological environment damage to three enterprises in an industrial park in Yongfeng County VIII. The People's Government of Puyang City, Henan Province, sued an enterprise for compensation for ecological environmental damage caused by pollution of a tributary of the Yellow River.
9. A series of cases of
compensation for ecological environmental damage caused by excessive discharge of total salt sulfate in the Nansi Lake Basin, Shandong Province. Case of
Compensation for Ecological Environment Damage Caused by Illegal Mining in a Quarry in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province The case of
compensation for ecological environment damage caused by illegal mining in a quarry in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province (1) Basic information
of the case 1.2.
In the name of mine restoration and land leveling, a quarry in Quanzhou has been illegally mined since 2021, with an area of 220. After assessment, the cost of restoring the damaged ecological environment in the quarry is about 36.82 million yuan.
3. After two rounds of 12 consultations with compensation obligors, the guarantor mechanism was innovatively introduced and a consultation agreement was reached in May 2024.
4. In July 2024, the ecological restoration of the mine was completed and passed the acceptance, and the land was restored to green accumulatively. 2. In August 2024, the ecological restoration of the mine passed the evaluation of the restoration effect. Fujian Daily reported on the restoration.
(2) Main practices and typical significance
This case is a typical case of clues found by the central ecological environment protection inspectors, which has certain demonstration significance in case handling and value realization of ecological products, and has been selected as the fourth batch of ten typical cases of ecological environment damage compensation.
1. The main leaders of provinces and municipalities attach great importance to it, give instructions many times, deploy and promote it. Local ecological environment, natural resources and other departments and people's procuratorates work together to fully consider the ability of compensation obligors to pay compensation, determine the time limit for compensation, effectively improve the success rate of consultation, and ensure that the full amount of compensation funds is in place.
2. The territorial government coordinates the efforts and resources of all parties, entrusts qualified technical units to prepare ecological restoration plans, and draws technical specialist to promote and guide the restoration work throughout the process. Focusing on the three functional areas of "slope protection, comprehensive management and land reclamation", we will concentrate on 25 days to promote regional greening, create the shortest implementation cycle of ecological restoration of similar mines in the province, and efficiently break through the blockages of long ecological restoration cycle and difficult overall planning of mines.
3. Take the lead in applying the General Outline and Key Links of the Technical Guidelines for the Identification and Assessment of Eco-environmental Damage Part 3: Assessment of Restoration Effects (GB/T 39791.
4. Adhere to the development route of ecological industrialization and explore the synergistic mode of "state-owned enterprises + large farmers + village collectives". Construct a new industrial supply chain system of organic ecological agriculture, realize agricultural output value of more than 1.5 million yuan, and drive the collective income of villages to increase by more than 350000 yuan. At the same time, relying on the high-quality ecological space after restoration to release ecological dividends, radiation to enhance the value of surrounding land assets, open up the closed-loop of "ecological restoration-industrial development-the benefit of the masses", broaden the channels for realizing the value of ecological products, and enrich the path for realizing the multiple values of the ecological environment damage compensation system reform.
(3) Expert comments | Professor
Qin Peng of Chongqing University, the case was coordinated by provinces and municipalities, coordinated by multiple departments, taking into account the just need for ecological restoration and the actual compensation capacity of compensation obligors, adopting flexible and pragmatic consultation methods to promote compensation matters, and greatly improving the effectiveness of consultation and the full arrival rate of compensation funds. In the process of ecological restoration, relying on the standardized scheme and professional technical support, the restoration work is carried out in different areas and classifications, which significantly reduces the implementation cycle of mine ecological restoration, and scientifically carries out the evaluation of the restoration effect, so that the damage restoration can be truly implemented, which provides feasible experience for the rapid comprehensive management of similar mine damage. In handling the
case, we should innovate and construct a new model of multi-subject linkage to develop ecological industry, fully activate the high-quality ecological space resources after restoration, synchronously realize the triple benefits of mountain ecosystem restoration, stable income increase of village collective economy, and value transformation of ecological products. It provides a fresh model for deepening the reform of the compensation system for ecological environment damage and enriching the practical path of realizing the value of ecological products.
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